How does exercise affect anxiety?

Science has shown that regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety by triggering processes in the brain that aid in regulating mood and emotional states. During exercise, neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine are released, which are responsible for feelings of satisfaction and mood stabilisation. Particularly important is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that has a calming effect and helps inhibit excessive brain activity, often linked to anxious states.

In addition to neurotransmitters, physical activity also stimulates the production of endorphins, which reduce the perception of pain and improve mood. At the same time, exercise lowers levels of stress hormones like cortisol, which is often elevated in individuals struggling with anxiety. Regular training naturally regulates cortisol levels, providing long-term relief from stress and anxiety.

Exercise also promotes the growth of new brain cells through a process called neurogenesis, especially in the hippocampus – the area of the brain responsible for regulating memory. This process enhances cognitive function and resilience to stress, making the brain better equipped to process and calm anxious thoughts.